Ben Wood:在新天地中创造意外惊喜

提要:城市发展是不断更新和变化的动态过程,对旧建筑进行必要改造,是城市更新的具体方式之一。在新陈代谢过程中,如何在已有的限制条件下为旧建筑注入新的生命力,完成旧建筑的重生是近几年来的热点问题。新浪地产为此专访上海新天地总建筑师Benjamin Wood。

  新浪地产:您如何辨别某个老建筑是否值得保留、更新?

  Ben wood: 很少有建筑因其建筑风格而值得保留。保留一个建筑,就像在一个尸首上涂以香料以防腐。文化在演变发展,而且在不断变化。过去时代的建筑是人工制品,不是所有人工制品都值得保留。少许应列入博物馆收藏;一些应像新天地的石库门这样,被回收利用;一些应被销毁。建筑物的生命周期接近于人类:70年;经过这么长的时间,建筑通常就废旧、该淘汰了。一个大型的综合体建筑比一个小型的简单建筑,更应该在废旧时淘汰掉。因为高层建造物需要大量的技术支持,如果要让这些建筑保持原样,在技术上花费的代价就很昂贵。

  当我们做老建筑项目时,相较于精准保留,我们更注重保存某些建筑——这些建筑有助于创造建筑间空间的宜人尺度。我们会优先考虑公共空间的创造,这类公共空间应拥有丰富的空间定义及系列尺度。但当老建筑不能给予这类丰富和系列性的体验时,我们就会新建建筑,以达成上述目的。比如武汉天地,新建筑在数量上远远超过被更新的老建筑。而在重庆天地,我们没有更新现存建筑,而是转向(拆除重建)重庆山地村庄的风土建筑和重庆二战前的老工业区。

  How could you tell whether one old building deserve renovation?

  There are very few buildings that are worth preserving based on architectural style. When you preserve a building it is like embalming a cadaver.  Culture evolves and is constantlychanging.  The architecture of a bygone era is an artifact.  Not all artifacts are worth saving.  A few should be come part of a museum collection.  Some should be recycled like the Shukumen of Xintiandi.  Some should be demolished.The life cycle of a building is around the same as a human being:  70 years. After this much time a building is often obsolete.  A big complex building is much more likely to become obsolete than a small simple building. High-rise structures require a great deal of technological support.  Technology is expensive to replace. 

  When we work with old buildings, we pay more attention to saving the buildings that contribute to the human scale of the spaces between buildings than we do to strict preservation. The creation of public space that is rich in spatial definition and a range of scales takes priority.  When we have no old buildings to give us that richness and range we create new ones that will.  In Wuhan Tiandi the new buildings far outnumber the old renovated ones.  In Chongqing Tiandi there were no existing buildings to renovate.  Instead we looked to the vernacular architecture of the hillside villages and industrial sites of pre-World War II Chongqing. 

  

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